Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus, also known as “water in the brain,” is a serious condition affecting approximately 85 out of 100,000 individuals worldwide. Some reports even indicate that up to two of every 1,000 babies are born with this condition. Although hydrocephalus has no cure, treatment options can help prevent further health complications and enable a patient to live a normal life.
At Nacogdoches Medical Partners in Nacogdoches, TX, we have neurologists, neurosurgeons and other doctors with extensive education and experience in treating hydrocephalus and related conditions. Our multidisciplinary medical team works together to care for our patients and develop the best possible treatment plan, from diagnosis, evaluation and treatment to follow-up and family support. Count on us to provide you with available safe and effective treatment options for hydrocephalus.
What Is Hydrocephalus?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects and nourishes the brain and removes waste from it. It flows through the brain’s four ventricles, which are chambers filled with fluid. The body normally produces enough CSF daily and reabsorbs the same amount. Hydrocephalus happens when there is an imbalance between the CSF production and the rate it’s absorbed back.
Hydrocephalus comes from the Greek words “hydro” (water) and “cephalus” (head). It refers to the buildup of excess (CSF) within the brain ventricles. Excess CSF can add pressure to the brain and keep it from functioning correctly, leading to brain damage or even death if left untreated. Hydrocephalus can happen to anyone at any age, but it’s most common in babies and adults 60 years old and above.
Hydrocephalus symptoms in babies may include:
- Unusually large head
- Rapid increase in head size
- Bulge on the fontanel (soft spot on the baby’s head)
- Eyes that are fixed downwards
- Difficulty feeding or sucking
Hydrocephalus in adults and older children may have these symptoms:
- Headache
- Vision problems
- Problems with balance
- Difficulty staying awake or waking up
- Cognitive or personality changes
Hydrocephalus symptoms in older adults may include:
- Difficulty walking
- Poor balance and coordination
- Dementia or progressive mental impairment
- Frequent urination or loss of bladder control
- General slowing of movements
What Causes Hydrocephalus?
Infants may be born with hydrocephalus or develop it shortly after birth. In these cases, hydrocephalus may be caused by the following:
- Premature birth complications
- Developmental abnormalities present at birth
- Infection during pregnancy
- Inherited genetic disorders that result in CSF flow blockage
The following are some factors that can increase the risk of developing hydrocephalus at any age:
- Brain or spinal cord tumors
- Infections of the central nervous system
- Stroke or injury that causes brain bleeding